Their pay has also slipped down the rankings to 21st out of 34 countries in the developed world, from 17th the year before.
Unions said the Education At A Glance 2014 report showed that teaching was becoming less competitive than other graduate jobs as a result of the economic crisis and pay freezes.
The maximum salary of £34,000 per year for unpromoted teachers in Scotland is similar in England, but teachers at the top of the scale can earn up to £37,000 north of the border, compared with about £31,000 in England.
Pupil-teacher ratios in Scottish primary schools have also increased in spite of the SNP government’s commitment to cut class sizes, the report found.
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